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Publication Details |
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Reference |
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Bond, Patrick & Naidoo, Orlean (Translation ka-Manzi, Faith) (2008) UKUPHUMELELA ENGXENYE KWEMIPHAKATHI. Centre for Civil Society : -.
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Summary |
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Ngonyaka odlule ngenyanga kaJuly, sabhala kwiEye on Civil Society sathi,
“Abahluphekayo ibashaya kakhulu imithetho yamanzi yaseThekwini,” kodwa
manje sekufanele sikuhoxise kancane lokhu.
Sikuhoxise ngoba ngakolunye uhlangothi, intatheli yeMercury uTony Carnie
uxwayise ngendlela yokubusa kwalomkhandlu okuvuna abadla izambane
likapondo: “Izakhamuzi eziningi zixinekile yindlela enthsa yokukhokhela
izidingongqangi, kodwa izicebi kanye nezinkomponi zibe zibala izibusiso
zazo.”
Ngakwenye ingxenye, kunezindlela ezimbili ezikhombisa ukuthi imiphakathi
ingawuphoqa uhulumeni ukuthi ulethe amanzi.
Okokuqala isahlulelo esingungqophamlando sange30April eNkantolo eNkulu
yaseGoli lapho amamitha amanzi akhokhelwa engakasetshenziswa kwenziwa
kwaba ngukuphula umthetho futhi kwabuye kwathiwa umuntu ngamunye kumele athole amalitha angamashumi amahlanu amanazi mahala kanye ngosuku, njengokusho kwamalungelo abo kumthethosisekelo.
Lelicala lalihlanganisa abamangali abahlanu abayizakhamuzi zaseSoweto,
inhlangano kazwelonke iCoalition Against Water Privatisation (CAWP),
Centre for Apllied Legal Studies kanye nommeli uWim Trengrove. Bakwazi
ukubonisa uMahluleli uMoroa Tsoka ukuthi agcine efake amanzinyo
kusoMqulu wamaLungelo mayelana namalungelo amanzi.
Esinye isahlulelo esakhishwangaphambili kwelinye icala lika Grootboom
ngoSeptemba ngonyaka ka2000 – lapho kwakuqinisekiswa izidingongqngi
eziphuthumayo ukuthi zilethwe kwabampofu – imigomo ayicacanga kahle
okwenza sangaba usizo kumalungelo omphakathi.
Okwesibili, ohulumeni bemikhandlu sebeqala ukuyetha ngenxa yengcindezi
abayibekwa izinhlangano zezakhamuzi. Omakhelwane baseChatsworth
eBayview, Crossmoor kanye naseWestcliff, ngokwesiboniso-nje, amanzi
aseyagobhoza lapho ayelawulwa khona.
Isizathu salokho ukukhuthala ngokungazibeki phansi kweminyaka eyishumi
kwenhlangano iFlatdwellesr Association, eyayixhswe iDurban Concerned
Citizens Forum eyayihlanganiswe nguSolwazi uFatima Meer.
Sekubonakala Izithelo
Amasu nezindlela ezimpini zamanzi ezazisetshenziswa kwakungukuphumela
emigwaqeni kukhalazwa kanye nokuxhunywa kwamanzi ngokungekho emthethweni kanye nezingxoxo ezinzulu kanye neziphathimandla zomkhandlu.
Lezizingxoxo ziqale ukuba nemiphumela ngonyaka odlule, lapho umsizi
wesiphathimandla somkhandlu uDerek Naidoo enza isivumelwano mayelana
nodaba lokuxoshwa kanye nokuxhunywa kwezidingongqangi.
UMkhandlu waqala futhi ukukhanda amapayipi avuzayo kanye nogesi
ongafakekile kahle kuwo wonke amaflethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukulungisa
nokwenza kabusha ezinye izakhiwo kulabo makhelwane abathathu nakho
kusendleleni, lapho kuxhaswe khona ngezigidi ezingamashumi amathathu
nesishagalombili amarandi.
Izishoshovu zaseChatsworth ziphumelele kwezinye izimpi kodwa zisabhekene nezinye ngoba emva kokulungiswa kabusha kwalezizindawo umkhandlu
uzokuqapha kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwalezizidingogqangi. Njengoba
kwenzekake-ke eMkhandlwini waManzi waseGoli lapho amamitha amanzi
akhokhelwa engakasetshenziswaayefakwe eSoweto, hayi ezindaweni lapho
kuhlala khona izigwili.
UMahluleli uTsoka wathi lokhu kungukubandlulula: “Angiqondi ukuthi yini
lokhu kwenziwe ezindaweni ezihlala abantu abamnyama futhi abampofu
ngokomlando hayi lezi ngokomlando ezihlala abamhlophe futhi abanemali.
Ukuhluleka ukukhokhela isikweletu akusoze kwachazwa ngokwebala noma
yindawo lapho uhlala khona.”
Ngokuphikikisa lokhu, umphathi weDolobha laseThekwini uMichale Sutcliffe
waqaphela ukuthi iTheku layiziba lenqubo.
Asivumi ukuthi iyona ndlela yokwenza izinto,’ etshela iphephandaba
iBusiness Day.
Sashiya phansi amamitha amanzi akhokhelwa engakasetshenziswa
ngesikhathi sesingena kuHulumeni weNtando yeNingi.
Kodwa-ke uma izakhamuzi zifisa ukubeka icala umnyango wamanzi kanye
nokuhlanza koMkhandlu waseThekwini, banagathola izindlela ezisezingeni
eliphansi lokufakelwa amanzi enziwa ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona
abasebenzi kanye nabahluphekayo ngisho nezindlu zendle (amaurinary
diversion –uds).
Akucabange-nje, izinkulungwane zamadrum amalitha amanzi angamakhulu
amabili okwenza ukuthi umphathi wamanzi kulomkhandlu uNeild Macleod
adume umhlaba wonke. Lamadrum akhombisa ukubandlulula ngebala kanye
nangezitha lomnotho. Mangaki-nje akhona ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona
abadla izambane likapondo.
Umangabe abaholo bomkhandlu besivumela isicelo sakhe, uMacleod angaba
nempendulo. Esikhundleni sokususa amalow pressure drums kufakwe amamitha ngokwejwayelekile ukuze bahlangabezane nezinga loMahluleli uTsoka, esikhundleni salokho umkhandlu uzophinde uwagcwalise amadrums njalo ntambama, kodwa ngamalitha ayikhulu engeziwe.
Kodwa Akukaneli
Kodwa-ke, emakhaya enabantu abangaphezu kwesithupha lamanzi angamalitha angamashumi amahlanu umuntu ngamunye njengokwesincomo sabongoti bezimpilo bomhlaba, awaneleHowever, futhi lesisibalo yiso esasithenjisiwe kwiReconstruction and Development Programme ngonyaka ka1994..
Enye indlela yokunqamulela – kodwa enengozi kakhulu – ukuzama
ukufinyezwa amanzi amahala kubala abaziwa njengama-indigent, indlela
lena edumile yokukala abantu abampofu eyenziwa iWorld Bank. Kodwa-ke
manje uma sesibhekana nobuthakathaka bamaholo alaba abahluphekayo
abadayisayo, lokhu kungaphathisa ikhanda ukukwenza. Umuntu wesifazane
ophila ngokudayisa utamatisa angalichaza kanjani iholo lakhe. Lokhu
kubandlulula ngisho abafanele ukuzuza.
Esikhundleni, uMacleod usabheka ukusebenzisa indlu ebiza uR190 000 njengokukala ukuthi obani kuma-indigents othola amanzi amahala. Kodwa nalokhu kuzoba inkinga uma sibheka inkinga yomkhandlu mayelana namanani ezindlu kanye nenkinga ebhekene neNingizimu Afrika yonke ngendaba yezindlu.
Futhi-ke ngoba isibalo esihlala ezindlini asaziwa ekhaya ngalinye, lokhu
kubandlulula imizi enemindeni emincane. Kodwa imizi enabahlali abaningi
kanye nezintandane zengculazi ziwadinga kakhulu amanzi amahala engeziwe.
Izinhlelo zikaMacleod kufanele zicishwe ukuze zihambisane neRDP,
umthethosisekelo kanye nesithembiso sikaKhongolose ngesikhathi
sikhankasela ukhetho lwemikhandlu lango2000. “Zonke izakhamuzi,” kusho
uKhongolose ngalesosikhathi, ziyothola “ isibalo esithile samanzi
amahala, ugesi kanye nezinye izidingogqangi zomkhandlu ukuze sisize
abahluphekayo. constitution and the ANC December 2000 municipal election
promise. All residents will receive a free basic amount of water,
electricity and other municipal services so as to help the poor.
Laba abasebenzisa isibalo esevile kumanzi amahala kofanele bakhokhele
lawomanzi.”
Ukwanelisa zonke “izakhamuzi’ kungenziwa ngokubalwa umuzi ngamunye,
ukuthi zingaki izakhamuzi, ngokusebenzisa omazisi nezinye izindlela
zokwazi abantu ezingahlolwa kanye ngonyaka, ukuze kungabibikho ubugebengu.
Ukulwa nesifo sohudo, neKholera kanye nezinye izifo ezidalwa amanzi
angahlanzekile, futhi kwenziwe ukulingana phakathi kobulili (ngoba
abesifazane abazwela kakhulu lapho amanzi engenele), sidinga ukuthola
ilungelo lomhlaba wonke.
Kufanele kukhokhelwe ngokuxhasana okuphambanayo:ukunyuswa kwamanzi
kulabo abawasebenzisela ukuzijabulisa. Labo abasebenzisa amanzi
anagaphezu kwamakhilolitha angamashumi amathathu indlu ngenyanga,
ngokubona kwethu, bawasebenzisa ngokumosha kakhulu, futhi kufanele
bawakhokhela kakhulu ngokuba negunya lokuwamosha kangaka amanzi
ngesikhathi lapho amanzi enciphascarcity.
Kufanele isahlulelo soMahluleli uTsoka siqashelwe yizikhulu zeTheku
ukuze bavimbe ukuphoxeka kanye nemali eshisiwe abangayikhipha uma
beyiswa enkantolo, okungenzelwa ukuthi kukhunjiswe izethembiso ezenziwa
ngabezombusazwe bakaKhonglose.
Ngalenkathi uSutcliffe noMacleod begxekelwa ukunganelisekile ngokuhlanzwa komkhandlu kanye namapayipi anqamukile okungcolisa ulwandle lwethu oluhle, ukwengeza amanzi amahala kungakhombisa isihe nokuba nokuhluzeka komqondo.
UPatrick Bond ungumqondisi weCentre for Civil Society eUKZN.
UOrlean Naidoo uyisishoshovu somphakathi waseChatsworth kanye
nesivakashi saseCCS
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