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Global and national climate governance regimes are characterised, I have argued (Bond 2012), by ‘paralysis above, movement below.’ The paralysis above comes largely from the failure of market-centric systems of governance, in which carbon trading and offset strategies were anticipated to successfully manage an incremental decline in GreenHouse Gas emissions, in the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. For a variety of reasons, the market strategy has failed miserably, yet as Antonio Gramsci would have put it, the climate governance ‘crisis consists precisely in the fact that the old is dying and the new cannot be born.’ What kind of governance might result if demands made by the climate justice movement were given
more attention?
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